Category Archives: Rwanda

Most memorable wildlife encounters

As you may have read in my previous post, during my time in Africa I visited a fair few game reserves/national parks and during that time, as you might expect, I took a few photos.

About 41 thousand of them, to be (slightly less than) exact.

Some of them have made their way onto these pages and if you’ve been following my posts, I hope they haven’t bored you all to tears.  This post is my attempt to pick out those encounters (not all of which resulted in usable photos) which stick in my memory as the ‘best’, for some reason or another.

Hopefully this selection gives an indication of what Africa has to offer although of course its impossible to cover the vast diversity of wildlife the continent has in just one post.  If nothing else, it hopefully shows that there is more to Africa than ‘the big 5’.

25 – Cheeky monkeys  & exhibitionist baboons

Oh sure, they look cute, I give you that. Or at least, they do when they’re sitting around, playing with their siblings, riding on their parent’s back or grooming each other.

Monkeys at the lunch stop

However they are less ‘cute’ when you’re trying to eat lunch ; take your eyes (or hands) off your food for a split second and the little sh*ts are in like a shot to steal it.

Now its funny the first time it happens, particularly so if it happens to someone else and you can laugh about it at their expense.  After a while it gets a bit annoying and at one point I actually had a tug of war with one of these little devils as it tried to steal a samosa from my hands as I was eating!  It won, I am ashamed to say, but it was getting quite agressive so I figured the samosa wasn’t worth getting scratched/bitten and potentially having to submit myself for a rabies shot.

In the cafe in Durban Botanic Gardens they had a member of staff who’s role in life seemed to be to walk around the tree-covered area with a large water ‘gun’ (think Nerf soakers/blasters) to try and discourage the monkeys from dropping down onto tables and stealing food. Most of the time the monkeys just targetted the tables that hadn’t been cleaned yet, which makes you wonder why customers didn’t take that small step to help out and take their trays back to the counter, but hey…

The locals in Durban said that the local vervet monkeys were a nightmare – you couldn’t leave any windows open as they would come into your house looking for food.  If they got in, they would eat what they could, and usually defecate indoors as well (how rude!).

Apparently they are not classified as ‘vermin’ so its illegal to shoot or otherwise kill them – something which the locals I spoke to about it didn’t seem to agree with.

Still, they are definitely quite entertaining to watch.  I remember watching a young baboon sitting in the middle of a pile of leaves in one campsite, scooping up the leaves around itself and throwing them up in the air – just a few minutes after the campsite groundskeeper had raked them into that pile.  I can imagine a few kids doing that…

Baby baboon taking a dive - they cling upside down to their mothers chest when the mother is walking

The one above was hanging under its mother just before this photo was taken, but clearly couldn’t hold on and face-planted right in front of me, and yes, I laughed.

The next day, one of its relatives stole a bit of chicken I’d just finished cooking on the gas burner.

Karma is a bitch, as they say.

Nothing to really say about this!

Nothing really to say about this!

24 – The elusive caracal

When you’re in Africa on ‘safari’ trips (did you know that ‘safari’ is actually the Swahili word for ‘journey’ and doesn’t have anything to do as such with game viewing?) you’ll probably see lions.  You’ll probably see cheetahs and if you’re lucky, you might see leopards.

What you are fairly unlikely to see (based on my experience anyway) is a caracal.

I saw a couple of them in the Tenikwa Wildlife Awareness Centre near Plettenberg, South Africa, but it wasn’t until a crack-of-dawn game drive into the Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania that I finally caught sight of one in the wild (they are predominantly nocturnal).

My first caracal sighting (in the wild anyway)

My first caracal sighting (in the wild anyway)

As always, seeing animals in the wild trumps seeing them in captivity any day of the week, even if the captivity is for their protection due to them being ill or endangered somehow.

23 – Cycling with elands

Elands, the largest of the antelopes you’ll encounter in Africa, are (again, based on my experience) relatively unusual to see on game drives.  I saw more impala and Thomson’s gazelles than you could shake a stick at, loads of kudu, but sightings of elands were few and far between.

Whilst taking a break from the heat of Lake Malawi by spending some time in the hills of Nyika, I took a mountain bike out for a few hours and was fortunate to see some (equally uncommon) roan antelope and a few rather large eland.

Antelopes usually scarper before you can get close to them, and the eland were no different except these ones, rather than running away from me as such, trotted alongside me as I cycled along the track.  It then decided to cross the track directly in front of me by leaping across in one stride, clearing what must have been a good 7-8 ft gap.  Which was pretty impressive.

As I was cycling at the time, I didn’t have any opportunity to take a photo of this nor was I wearing a GoPro or something.  But it was cool and you’ll just have to take my word on this 🙂

To give you an idea of what an eland looks like (and how big they are) here are a couple I snapped in Amboseli NP, Kenya (to give a sense of scale, this road is easily wide enough for 2 vehicles to pass each other).

Eland with some tinsel on its antler :)

Eland with some tinsel on its antler 🙂

22 – Dodging jaywalking tortoises

From the largest of the antelopes we now move on to one of the smaller (and definitely slower!) critters – tortoises.  Leopard tortoises, to be exact.

This particular encounter rammed home to me the importance of keeping your eyes on the road and not just the bush to either side of it whilst driving through game reserves – whilst it looks quite obvious in this photo I assure you it was a ‘last minute, corner of the eye, hit the brakes’ moment .

Leopard tortoise, Kruger National Park

Leopard tortoise, Kruger National Park

But bless it, it was totally unfazed and continued to plod across the road.  I had to flash at an oncoming vehicle and point down at the road to get it to slow down as it clearly hadn’t seen it either – my good deed for the day.

21 – Diving with turtles

Sticking with the same theme, from tortoises we get to their sea dwelling relatives, the turtles.  Equally cool, but far more graceful and definitely quicker…

First, Aliwal Shoal, off the east coast of South Africa just south of Durban:

Cristina with a turtle

Cristina with a turtle

And then months later, again off the east coast but this time further north, off the coast of Tanzania at Mafia Island:

And yes, they are just like Crush in ‘Finding Nemo’ – very chilled out, and when they’ve had enough, they just gently (but surprisingly quickly) swim off – no fuss, no drama.  Duuuuuude…

20 – Hyenas eating newborn wildebeest

When you’re on game drives, I don’t think anything quite rams home to you the fact that you’re witnessing the daily struggle for life as seeing animals being hunted (and subsequently eaten) by other animals.

For some people, its a horrific/gruesome sight, but those people (IMHO) should probably be on a golf course or sitting on a beach and not paying good money to be shocked by animals doing what comes naturally to them.

Admittedly, it can be unpleasant to watch, especially if the animal being eaten is a youngster of some variety – they tend to be more cute and (presumably) cuddly.  But this is ultimately why you’re here ‘on safari’ and not driving around Whipsnade/Woburn or worse still, walking around a zoo.

The animals do what they need to do in order to survive – if that means killing other animals then they’ll do it, if that means running away from other animals intent on killing them, then they’d better do so!  If they survive long enough they’ll hopefully breed and maybe their offspring will live long enough to repeat the cycle.

Young animals, particularly newborns, are particularly vulnerable to predators which presumably is why most animals can walk and run within moments of giving birth – which makes you wonder how we (as a species) ever survived this long!

Hyenas are (we were told) known to actually snatch baby wildebeest as they are in the process of being born.  We didn’t quite see that, but the photos below, taken in the Ngorongoro Crater, show a hyena eating what was, we were assured, a newborn wildebeest.  We arrived after the kill had been made so all we got to see was this this hyena mopping up.

Another hyena eating another kill - we were told this was definitely a young wildebeest

Hyena eating another kill – we were told this was definitely a young wildebeest

19 – Upside-down hippos

Sticking with the Ngorongoro Crater for the time being, we come next to hippos.

I saw plenty of hippos during my time in  Africa, mostly in the water but one or two out for a stroll in the sun (unusual because they rely on the water to keep cool, having no sweat glands) and one at night, so why does this particular ‘encounter’ stand out?

Well, all the other times I saw hippos, they were the ‘right’ way up.

Seemed quite content!

Seemed quite content!

18 – Giraffes drinking at the waterhole

Giraffes are well adapted for reaching the leaves at the tops of trees, which presumably has helped them survive as a species over the years.

Their long legs and necks seem to be a bit of a problem though when it comes to drinking, requiring some delicate maneuvering of their legs to get their lips down to the water.  All the time of course, they are incredibly vigilant as will jump up at the slightest disturbance and run off, which in itself is worth watching as its quite graceful and yet ungainly at the same time!

Whilst giraffes are likely to be seen in most game reserves, the only time I really got to watch them drinking at waterholes was in Etosha National Park (Namibia) where you basically just park up by a water hole, and wait to see what happens…

No, the oryx in the photo above doesn’t have its head up the giraffe’s backside, incidentally.

Evolution can be a bit short-sighted sometimes...

Evolution can be a bit short-sighted sometimes…

17 – Wildebeest giving birth

Returning once more to the Ngorongroro Crater, we were fortunate enough on the pre-dawn descent into the crater (you can’t stay in the crater itself overnight, but there are lodges and campsites around the ‘rim’) to see, in the distance, a wildebeest being born.

I don’t have any decent photos of this one I’m afraid so you’ll have to put up with some very blurry ones – it was dark and this was happening a long way away…

Newborn wildebeest

Newborn wildebeest (on its knees, having just fallen over)

Within seconds the baby was up and suckling from his mother, although on very unsteady legs – not helped I imagine by this all taking place on a bit of a slope so the poor thing tumbled over a couple of times…

Shaky photo, shaky legs!

Shaky photo, shaky legs!

Very cool to see this taking place, although this was only a few hours before the hyena shot above.  Hopefully it was a different baby wildebeest!

16 – Boulders Beach penguins

When you think of animals in Africa, you’ll probably come up with the ‘usual suspects’ – elephants, antelopes, giraffes, and of course, the big cats.  You might be forgiven for forgetting the various birds (of which there are many varieties, from the ostrich and big vultures down to small hummingbirds) and, perhaps a little bizarrely, penguins.

Down in the far south-western reaches of South Africa, on the peninsula that ends in the famous Cape of Good Hope, live a colony of African Penguins.

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I like penguins… probably because they look daft.  They clearly aren’t very well ‘designed’ for walking and waddle more than anything, all of which adds to the entertainment 🙂

15 – First leopard in the wild

As I mentioned earlier, there is a huge difference to seeing animals in the wild vs seeing them in captivity; I was fortunate enough to see a leopard whilst touring the Tenikwa sanctuary in South Africa but that was the only one I saw until my last full day in Zambia, several months later.

Leopards are notoriously difficult to spot as they are mostly nocturnal and tend to lie in ambush waiting for prey to come into range, which makes them the hardest of the ‘Big 5’ to tick off.  You are most likely to catch a sighting of them during evening, or early morning, game drives when they are more active.

The first one I saw in the wild was in South Luangwa Game Reserve in eastern Zambia, during one such evening game drive.  Our driver somehow spotted it sitting at the base of a distant tree.  These guys are good – they either have incredibly good eyesight, or these animals don’t wander much from day to day ; either way, guides regularly spot things most of us would just drive past.

Presumably the leopard had only recently woken up as it was yawning lots – and those yawns turned a bit colourful as it eventually decided to throw up – charming!

Errr.... another big yawn, of the technicolor variety! Must have eaten someone who disagreed with it :)

Errr…. another big yawn, of the technicolor variety!

Clearly the vomiting helped as it then wandered off to find what was left of the day’s sun, sitting down to soak it up before heading off in search of something to replace the lost contents of its stomach!

Off for a walk into whats left of the sunshine

Off for a walk into whats left of the sunshine

14 – Feeding fish eagles

The African Fish Eagle is a relatively common sight in game reserves, particularly those (as you might expect) with large bodies of water.

And as far as large bodies of water go (in Africa), they don’t get much bigger than Lake Malawi.  In fact its the 3rd largest lake in Africa and teeming with fish, so its perhaps not too surprising that they have a few fish eagles around there.

Whilst staying at Cape Maclear in Malawi, towards the southern extent of the lake, I took a boat trip out to Thumbi Island which included the opportunity to ‘feed’ the island’s resident fish eagles with some fish caught by local kids out on their ‘canoes’.

My guide would whistle a few times (which the eagles have presumably become accustomed to meaning ‘feeding time’) and wave a fish in the air before throwing it into the water close to the boat; invariably an eagle would launch itself off from a branch on the island and swoop down to grab the fish although sometimes a sneaky hawk or other bird of prey would nick the fish before the eagle could get there 🙂

Needless to say, I took the opportunity to take a few photos…

IMG_7896

13 – Up close and personal with the biggest land animals in the world

Elephants are very big and very heavy (weighing up to 7 tonnes) and for the most part you could think of them as ‘gentle giants’.  Its surprisingly soothing to sit and watch them mooching about, eating and drinking and rumbling away to each other.  But sometimes they can be quite intimidating, usually when someone has annoyed them or they feel that their young are threatened by your presence.  Or, of course, when the males are in “musth” when their testosterone levels sky rocket.

Those are the times when you may not necessarily want to be sat right next to them in an open sided, open roofed 4×4 vehicle (or even a 3.5 tonne campervan for that matter).

One such time was when I was visiting Ruaha National Park in Tanzania.  Fari had parked us (in his 4×4) close to a group of females who were generally a bit upset with our presence as they had several young elephants with them ; one of them in particular was flapping her ears quite a bit and even went as far as starting a ‘mock charge’ towards us – for a couple of steps, that is.  Meanwhile, a young male, presumably part of the same group but on the opposite side of our vehicle, decided to show off a bit and did a bit of ear flapping and scuffing the floor and generally letting us know who was boss.

Ok, I was worried by now

Ok, I was worried by now

Had this been me driving, I would have been reversing right about now.  Fari, however, grew up around these animals and is an experienced guide, and just stuck his head and arm out of his drivers-side window and ‘shooed’ the elephant off – surprisingly, it seemed to work!

A close runner up to the elephants above comes the elephant who, whilst walking through my campsite in South Luangwa (Zambia) one night, managed to pull down an overhead power cable and not only take out the power to our part of the campsite for a day or so, but give itself a nasty shock in the process!  All I heard was a loud ‘trumpeting’ from the elephant and some thudding as it ran off ; it was apparently ok, but probably didn’t come back through the camp for a while!

12 – It takes two to tango

I saw lots of zebra during my time in Africa and for the most part, they are to be found standing around, grazing.  So it might seem unlikely that zebra would feature so highly in this list, and if it weren’t for 2 notable moments, they probably wouldn’t.

In Etosha I saw an ongoing scuffle between two zebra although I don’t know what it was all about – they were clearly having issues though…

But perhaps the most memorable zebra-related-moment was when I was in the Masai Mara and saw a rather ‘enthusiastic’ male zebra trying to ‘get in on’ with a less enthusiastic female.

Our guide told us that the male would basically keep ‘hassling’ the female, chasing her for ages until she either got away or gave in and let him mate with her.   We were lucky enough to see some of this going on…

No, she definitely wasn't interested :)

No, she definitely wasn’t interested 🙂

Uh.... maybe not!

But credit where credit is due – he didn’t give up.  After 5 or 10 minutes of this, they eventually ran off across the plains.  I would say ‘to live happily ever after’ but she was clearly still trying to get away from him and he was still quite keen to get his end away.

We’ll have to wonder how that panned out because we left them to it and went off in search of rhinos at that point 🙂

11 – White rhino

There are estimated to be just over 20,000 white rhino alive in the wild at the moment ; in 2014, over 1,200 were poached in South Africa alone, an average of one every 8 hours.  Across the whole of southern and eastern Africa, you can be sure that number is higher.  In 20 years they will all be dead.

And whilst appalling, this is nothing compared to the numbers for elephants –  some 40,000 elephants are killed per year for their tusks – more than are born per year – and if poaching continues at this rate, all elephants in the wild will be gone in the next 10 years.

All of which makes any encounter with a rhino or elephant special.

Rhinos aren’t particularly active animals – they graze a lot, and when they have had their fill from one patch of grass, they move on to another and continue grazing.

Any animal that spends its day eating is going to need to, well, relieve itself at some point, which brings us neatly on to the photograph.  I happened to capture a shot of just this moment and for some (childish?) reason, its one of my more memorable encounters with these fantastic rare animals.

Rhino taking a poo! Kruger National Park

Rhino taking a poo! Kruger National Park

Savour the moment, ladies and gentlemen ; in a few years time, you’ll only be seeing them in zoos, thanks to the demand for their horns in the Far East for traditional medicines which of course, don’t f*cking work.

10 – Mako shark trying to take a bite out of our (inflatable!) boat

Every Most years, millions of sardines gather off the southern coast of Africa and begin a mass migration northwards, along the eastern coast towards Mozambique and out into the Indian Ocean – this is one of the largest migration of animals in the word and is known as the ‘sardine run’.

We happened to be in the area at approximately the right time to catch this event, so booked ourselves onto a ‘sea safari’ out of Port St John, hoping to be able to get in the water and dive amongst the action, as the sardines are hunted by sharks and dolphins from below, and seabirds from above.

Sadly, being a ‘natural’ event, it isn’t always predictable and in this case, the ‘run’ never seemed to get started.  It usually happens every year – but sometimes it happens miles out to sea and as such, its not easy to catch.  Either we were too early, or it was happening elsewhere, as we didn’t see much activity.

However, we did see some rather cool things – one of which was a mako shark (a close relative to the great white shark, and one of the fastest sharks in the world, with a top speed of 60 miles per hour).

We received a call over the radio from another sea safari operator telling us that a mako had been circling their RIB (rigid hulled inflatable boat) for the past 45 minutes and kept taking particular interest in their propellors for some reason – even trying to bite the propellor blades every few laps of the boat.

So of course, we went to go and have a look, positioning ourselves alongside the other RIB.

The mako adjusted its circling pattern to now include our boat and I was lucky enough to grab this shot from my GoPro by holding it just below the surface ; there was no way I was getting in the water as the skipper told us they were generally quite aggressive but this one was particularly so.  One of the other guys on our boat was dead keen to get in but the skipper just wouldn’t have it – rightly so, I think.

Mako shark

Mako shark

The shark was clearly quite interested in our props now as well, but perhaps more worrying, it decided to start taking an interest in our inflatable rubber tubes!  The skipper was having none of this, and at one point had to resort to fending the shark off by pushing it away as it came partly out of the water to try and ‘taste’ our boat:

Really, really, close!

Rather him than me!!

9 – Walking with cheetahs in South Africa

I’ve mentioned Tenikwa a couple of times already in this post but in case you’ve missed it, its a wildlife sanctuary and education centre specialising in the care and rehabilitation of cheetahs and other wild cats ; they take in injured cheetahs, leopards, caracals and such and take care of them, though I don’t think they always release them back into the wild.  The also try to educate farmers (who are often responsible for injuring/killing these predators) as to how they can protect their livestock without resorting to shooting/trapping the wildlife.

However our main reason for visiting the centre was to take a couple of their resident cheetahs for a walk – one of the more bizarre things I’ve done!  I’ve taken my family dogs for a walk – thats quite normal.  I once took small yappy terriers for a walk which was, well, embarrassing, really.  Taking cheetahs for a walk?  Thats got to be cool, right?

Well it was definitely quite different and frankly a little disconcerting, as you have to follow strict rules about, for example, not getting forward of their shoulders, not looking them in the eye, and not crouching down in front of them.  Any of which could result in them trying to take a chunk out of you!

Our guides were also quite clear that if the cheetah decided to take off, not to try and hold them back (they are very powerful and do you really want to p*ss them off?) or keep up with them (they can reach speeds of up to 60mph in under 3 seconds).  Just let the reins go and they’ll come back in a few minutes (apparently).

We got to stroke the cheetahs a bit and their hair was surprisingly coarse – the dark hair on the spots is actually quite different to the rest of their hair.  There is probably a good reason for this but I can’t remember what it is!

They spend a lot of their walking time lying down and rolling around :)

They spend a lot of their walking time lying down and rolling around 🙂

A very cool experience!

8 – Getting buzzed by ragged tooth sharks

As the shark approached I mentally ran through the dive briefing we’d received a short while before jumping into the water

“Don’t worry, they’re vegetarian sharks”, they had said.

I’m no expert but I am pretty darned sure that raggies (ragged tooth sharks) eat meat.

“Well, ok, not vegetarians, they only eat fish”.

Looking at the teeth getting closer to me, I wasn’t feeling particularly reassured at this point.

“If they come towards you, just drop down onto the seabed or position yourself above them – just don’t get in their way”.

So they are vegetarian but clearly not to be messed with.  Great.

I dumped the remaining air from my BC (buoyancy jacket) and lungs and pinned myself to the seabed and ducked.  And just as the dive guide said, it passed straight over the top of me.  Superb!  A bit hard on the old sphincter muscles, but still, pretty superb!

Ragged Tooth Shark

Ragged Tooth Shark

Once you had survived your first encounter, the rest seemed positively laid back and I was able to get quite close to them throughout the remainder of the dive – definitely one for your bucket list!

Best shot of the set I think - Cristina, raggie, and a ray...

Best shot of the set I think – Cristina, raggie, and a ray…

It was much safer than the other popular shark/diving encounter South Africa is known for – diving with great white sharks.  It was definitely a more natural experience as in this case we were seeing the animals behaving normally ; with cage dives the operators tend to ‘bait’ the area to draw in the sharks (which I don’t think is a good idea) and of course, with great whites, you are in a cage.

7 – Humpbacks breeching

Earlier in this post I mentioned a day out on a RIB ‘sea safari’ where we were lucky enough to have a close encounter with a mako shark ; that was quite something but perhaps trumped by seeing several humpback whales ‘breeching’ time repeatedly as we followed alongside them.

I don’t have a huge amount to say about this, but as you can hopefully imagine, it was fantastic to see these huge animals playing around like this.

We were closer than the photos suggest (due to the lens distortion of the ultra wide angle GoPro), but there was no way I was taking my SLR on the boat without a decent housing!  The skipper had his, and took it out once to try and get ‘the money shot’ of two humpbacks breeching at the same time, and it got soaked.  He wasn’t happy.

6 – Lions, Masai Mara

As we approach the top 5, lions finally make an appearance.  And, if you’ll excuse the pun, they arrive with something of a bang 😉

It was all over in a few seconds ...

It was all over in a few seconds …

Full marks to this chap, who was clearly not suffering from stage fright or anything.  There were probably 5 or 6 fully loaded vehicles full of tourists watching him and he didn’t seem at all phased.   Our guide told us that they would repeat this many times during the day.  Good effort, I say!

Now if we were able to fast forward 6 months or so, we’d see the results of this, cough, labour.

And with the magic of the internet, I give you – lion cubs!

Awww :)

Awww 🙂

5 – Going batty in Zambia

One of the great things about travelling under your own ‘steam’ and without a fixed agenda or plans is that you can take advantage of tips from other travellers and go and see things that you hadn’t heard of.

My trip to Kasanka National Park, towards the north-east of Zambia, was one such trip.  I had heard great things about it from various other guests during my stay at Pioneer Camp (Lusaka) and from the owner and his partner, so I decided to delay my planned exit from Zambia via South Luangwa for a few days and head off in a different direction on a very long round trip.

All to see a few fruit bats.

Ok, when I say “a few” I may be understating the numbers a little.

The general consensus is that there is typically between 5 and 8 million bats at Kasanka at that time of year, as they migrate to Angola (if memory serves).  At sunset, seemingly just as the sun finally dips below the horizon, the bats take flight – just a few to start with, but in increasing numbers until the sky is full of them.

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If you were to ask people about mass animal migrations in Africa, they would understandably think about the Great Migration of (predominantly wildebeest) around the Serengeti and Masai Mara.

However the numbers involved in the Serengeti migration, whilst huge, are about 1/4 of the number of bats estimated to take part in this particular migration, which is the largest migration of warm blooded animals in the world.

I’d still like to see the wildebeest migration though 🙂

4 – Brief but alarming encounter with a pair of harassed black rhinos

White rhino are cool, and increasingly rare, but black rhino – well, they are even rarer and of course, it won’t be long before they disppear from the wild entirely 😦  Their numbers have dropped by 97% since 1970 due to poaching, and there are estimated to be only 5,000 or so of them left in the wild…

I didn’t see any black rhino until my penultimate game drive, which happened to be in the Masai Mara.  I have very mixed feelings about this particular encounter as it was positive and negative.

Positive, because I got to see a very rare animal.

Negative, because the rhino were being hassled by the drivers of the ‘safari’ vehicles, ours included.

You see these animals had been sighted and, as with all notable sightings, announced over the radios to other operators’ vehicles and what followed was a mass high speed exodus across the Masai Mara to try and catch a glimpse.  And yes, it was exhillarating, I give you that.

When we arrived ‘on site’ the rhinos were nowhere to be seen, so the drivers abandonned the ‘rules’ that said they had to stick to the tracks and ploughed their vehicles into the undergrowth to try and find them, trampling over bushes and small trees in the process and, potentially, smashing birds eggs or small animals in the process.

Our driver took a slightly different route and we were fortunate to catch these 2 black rhino trotting out of the cover of the bush, clearly trying to get away from the majority of the vehicles who were now behind them.

The rhino weren’t happy when they saw us.  We were just about to start snapping photos when our guide told us to sit tight as he was moving away from them, believing that they were about to charge us.

So unfortunately, after all that, I only managed 1 or 2 usable photos.

Yes, it was exciting (although had they charged us they would probably have done some serious damage to our vehicle and probably us as well), and of course, yes, it was great to see them.  I’m just not sure I am happy with the way it happened.

The elusive, and in this case, rather pissed off, black rhino!

The elusive, and in this case, rather pissed off, black rhino!

3 – Young cheetah playing with young antelope

Rocking up at number 3 we have the cutest little cheetah cub playing with an equally cute baby Thomson’s gazelle on the plains of the mighty Serengeti…

The cheetah in question had, just a few moments before, been sat with its mother on top of a mound of dirt (termite mound?) watching this gazelle and its mother in the distance.  The cheetahs silently stood up and started walking nonchalantly towards the gazelles, who were looking in their direction and must surely have seen them…

Stalking their prey in the distance

Stalking their prey in the distance

The cheetahs then adopted the classic ‘stalking’ posture, getting closer to the gazelles before breaking into a run.  The gazelles took off and we assumed that would be the end of it it, but no –  the young gazelle didn’t get away and the (mother) cheetah caught it.

But there was no kill.

The cheetah let the young gazelle go but only to use it as a training aid for her youngster, who wasn’t quite sure how it was supposed to react, or proceed…  A few times the young cheetah just stood there, looking at the gazelle, who also wasn’t sure how to react, so rather than try to run off, it would just stand there as well…

The youngsters really doesn't seem to know what its supposed to do next :)

The youngsters really doesn’t seem to know what its supposed to do next 🙂

Occasionally the cheetah’s mother would come along and stir things up a little bit, encouraging its youngster to chase the gazelle.

This was of course amazing to watch, although I guess sooner or later the young gazelle was turned into a snack.

2 – Lion catching and eating an impala

And talking of snacks – whilst I didn’t see the cheetahs kill that gazelle (above), I most certainly did get to see this lion hunt, kill, and eat a young impala (not in that order, mind you) in South Luangwa, Zambia – the only kill I actually got to see during my 10 months or so in Africa.

Lion stalking its prey - I think the baby impala had sensed something was wrong but the mother seemed oblivious to the danger

I think the baby impala had sensed something was wrong but the mother seemed oblivious to the danger

The mother scarpered, but the youngster didn’t really know what to do and was swiftly taken by the lion – no contest, really.

Walking back into the shade for its snack

Walking back into the shade for its snack

Now we thought that the lion had killed the impala outright, but it turns out it hadn’t ; once the lion settled down with it between its front paws and started munching away, the impala (which had been keeping very still all this time, hence us thinking it was dead) started lifting its head and bleating, presumably calling out for its mother.

Definitely still alive at this point

Definitely still alive at this point

This was, to be fair, quite hard to watch (and hear).  Had it killed it and then eaten it, I wouldn’t have been bothered, but hearing the crunch of the bones intermingled with the bleating was admittedly upsetting.  But then, as I said earlier, this is just the way it is in the wild…

A once in a lifetime experience…  For the impala, at any rate.

1 – Meeting the relatives

And finally…  Top of the list goes to the hour that I spent in the company of some of our closest evolutionary relatives – the mountain gorillas in the Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda.

It was an immense privilege to spend time watching these incredibly rare animals interacting with each other and, at times, directly with us.  At one point, one of the guys in our group got kicked by one of the gorillas as it hurried past us and you can well imagine that if they wanted to, they would be able to do some serious damage – but they don’t (normally!).

I’ll let the pictures below (and the main post I wrote about it) do the talking.

IMG_0270

Family portrait :)

Family portrait 🙂

I think we were told this one was just 6 months old - but not sure

I think we were told this one was just 6 months old – but not sure

There are estimated to be less than 900 of them left, and its weird (and sad) to think that in that hour I was surrounded by about 10% of the population of the entire species.

Thats all, folks!

So there we have it – my most memorable wildlife moments from my time out in Africa.  This list doesn’t necessarily reflect my favourite animals, I’ve just tried to pick out individual moments that stick out.

If you thought wildlife viewing in Africa was all about lions and elephants and giraffe, you’d be wrong.  There is a huge variety of wildlife to see and this list only scratches the surface of what the continent has to offer.

I suggest you get out there and have a look for yourself, before its too late… I would love to say that a concerted effort to stop poaching would mean you wouldn’t have to rush, but sadly, I just can’t see that being the case 😦

A year in numbers

It would seem appropriate that after a trip lasting nearly a year I should probably write some sort of review ; it should probably be deep and meaningful and use the words ‘magnificent’, ‘discovery’, ‘development’, ‘introspection’, ‘experience’, ‘growth’ and such.

But lets leave all that nonsense to one side for now, and start off with a few basic statistics, for those who are excited by such things… (and its easier to write!)

30,000

Approximately how much the trip cost me, in UK pounds.  This excludes the cost of the van itself  (about £3k), the conversion and fitting out etc which I haven’t worked out yet.

  • £2,136 of this covers the initial flights to SA, to Canada, and back to the UK
  • £3,670 of this was spent on shipping the van to and from Africa
  • £1,140 or thereabouts was the cost of the carnet de passage for the vehicle
  • £23,000 was everything else – accommodation, food, diesel, tours, park fees, etc etc.

Its hard to give an accurate estimate of a ‘per person, per day’ cost at the moment as for the first 3 months there were 2 of us on this trip and these figures include Africa and North America (quite different costs of living), but a quick calculation based on the £23k figure above comes to about £70 per day (about US$108).

If I were to remove the costs associated with the big safari trips and the diving excursions and so on, then split the spending up by region/country, this figure would come down quite a bit – but I haven’t got the patience for doing that just now.

16,222

How many miles I drove, or at least, logged – I know I forgot to log a few days here and there.

  • 12,502 miles of driving in Africa – there were more, I just forgot to log them.
  • 4,120 miles in the United States.

Now given that the ‘average’ mileage that people apparently cite when applying for motor insurance in the UK is somewhere around 12-15k per year, I would say that I was pretty much on par.  I think I prefer the idea of driving around Africa over sitting in queues on the M25.

326

How many days I was away for (10 months and 22 days).

292

The number of days I spent in Africa, making up approximately 90% of the trip.  The original plan was for a maximum of 6 months.

237

The number of nights I slept in the van – just over 80% of the time I was in Africa with it.

The first 3 weeks we were in a guesthouse, waiting for the van to arrive and clear customs (it was mistakingly offloaded in Namibia so we had to wait longer than planned), and I spent a couple of weeks in tents on organised safari trips etc.  Sleeping in the vehicle (or at least, camping) definitely helped to keep the costs down (or at least, freed up money to do other things).

117

Approximately how many different campsites I stayed at in the van during my time in Africa, which means I was staying a fraction over 2 nights at each place (on average).

My longest stays (either in one go or over multiple visits to the same campsite) were:

  • Oppi Koppi (Kamanjab, Namibia) – 23 nights in total from 3 separate stays
  • Jungle Junction (Nairobi, Kenya) – 15 nights
  • Riverlodge Backpackers / Camping (Cape Town, South Africa) – 13 nights

45

The magic number in Tanzania.  This is the absolute maximum speed, in kilometres per hour, at which you should drive if is a building in sight (which seems to constitute a “built up area” in the eyes of the police).

The official speed limit in built up areas is actually 50kph or even 60kph, but even if you stay at 45kph, the police will probably still pull you over for speeding (showing you the reading on their speed gun that they took from someone an hour or so ago who actually was speeding) or make up some other non-offence and try to extort money out of you.

F*ckers.

23

The number of ‘game reserves’ I visited (rather than just passed through or alongside and barely noticed).

In the list below, [SD] means ‘self drive’ – all others were on 4×4 vehicles run by safari operators or the game parks themselves.

South Africa

  • Hluhluwe-Imfolozi [SD]
  • Tembe Elephant Park
  • Kruger National Park [SD]

Swaziland

  • Mlilwani Wildlife Sanctuary [SD + mountain bike]

Namibia

  • Etosha National Park [SD]
  • Erindi Private Game Reserve

Botswana

  • Moremi Game Reserve and Okavango Delta
  • Chobe National Park

Zambia

  • Kasanka National Park [SD]
  • South Luangwa National Park

Malawi

  • Majete Wildlife Reserve [SD]
  • Nyika National Park [SD + mountain bike]

Tanzania

  • Mikumi National Park [SD]
  • Ruaha National Park [SD ish – Fari took me there in his 4×4]
  • Serengeti National Park
  • Ngorongoro Crater and Convservation Area
  • Lake Manyara
  • Tarangire National Park

Kenya

  • Lake Nakuru National Park
  • Lake Naivasha National Park
  • Masai Mara National Reserve
  • Ambsoseli National Park

Rwanda

  • Volcanoes National Park (walking – mountain gorillas)

12

The number of flights I took:

  1. Heathrow (UK) > Cape Town
  2. Cape Town > Durban
  3. Okavango Delta scenic flight
  4. Zanzibar > Dar es Salaam
  5. Dar es Salaam > Mafia Island
  6. Mafia Island > Dar es Salaam
  7. Nairobi > Kigali (Rwanda)
  8. Kigali > Nairobi
  9. Nairobi > Amsterdam
  10. Amsterdam > Vancouver
  11. Seattle > Amsterdam
  12. Amsterdam > Birmingham UK

Alas no, I don’t know what that equates to in terms of mileage, nor can I be bothered to try and find out.

11

How many countries I visited (excludes Holland as I was only there on a flight stopover):

  1. South Africa (97 days on a 90 day visa – got banned for a year for overstaying)
  2. Swaziland (5 days)
  3. Namibia (62 days)
  4. Botswana (8 days)
  5. Zambia (21 days)
  6. Malawi (30 days)
  7. Tanzania (38 days)
  8. Kenya (28 days)
  9. Rwanda (3 days)
  10. Canada (8 days)
  11. United States (21 days)

6

Shock absorbers.  I replaced all 4 before leaving South Africa for Namibia, and the front 2 had to be replaced in Dar es Salaam, having wallowed my way all the way through Tanzania from Malawi over the course of a month.

4

How many times I got pulled over by roadside rozzers in Tanzania.  On 3 of those occasions, they claimed I was speeding.  I talked my way out of 2 of these.  One one occasion the police just asked for money, plain and simple, without bothering to make up an excuse.  I suspect he was the most honest of the bunch, frankly.

Also the number of punctures I picked up.  2 of those were fixable, 2 required new tyres.  Which leads me on to the number of tyres I replaced in total (4), replacing 2 of my existing UK tyres before entering Namibia as I knew the roads would be more dubious.

2

The number of times the van got stuck – both times in sand.  One took a few minutes to dig out, the other time took several hours.

Also the number of traffic fines I paid – one for speeding ($20 in Tanzania) and the other when  spot checks by the roadside rozzers revealed that my not-quite-self-adhesive-enough white reflective tape had come off my front bumpers in Zambia (another $20).

0

The number of times I wished I was back home and at work, even when I was running low on funds towards the end of the trip.

Rwanda day 3 – death and reconciliation

The gorillas yesterday were fantastic.  Coming back to my hotel in Kigali, shattered and in need of sleep, to find a massive wedding party in full swing, less so.  Thankfully I always make sure I have earplugs and needed them last night, especially when the really bad karaoke started…

Today’s itinerary – genocide memorial churches, a ‘reconciliation’ village, then on to the airport to catch my flight back to Kenya.

If you recall from my previous post, I mentioned that the genocide wasn’t a ‘spur of the moment’ thing, it had been planned and ‘dry runs’ executed (if you’ll excuse the pun) over the years.  In those attacks, many villagers sought shelter in the local (catholic, usually) churches, which the genocidaires wouldn’t attack.

That was then…  In the 1994 genocide, such safe havens didn’t exist.  The Hutu genocidaires actually took advantage of the fact that hundreds, sometimes thousands, of Tutsi were sheltering inside the churches and attacked them with grenades or set fire to them.  Often both.

Within short driving distance of Kigali [the capital] there are 2 churches that stand (amongst others, I believe) as memorials to the events of those 100 days of slaughter.

Our first stop was the church at Ntarama, which was sheltering around 5,000 locals who had fled their villages and towns in search of sanctuary.  As you enter the church, your first view is of shelves full of skulls and bones of the victims, and as your eyes adjust to the dim interior, you take in the clothes – rags more than anything – stained with blood, now hanging from the rafters and walls as a memorial to those who were massacred within those walls.  As if this wasn’t shocking enough, my guide took me to another building which served as the Sunday School.  On the back wall of this building there is a large bloodstain from where the children’s heads were smashed against the wall.

I’m not a squeamish person, but I had to leave that room pretty quickly, wondering what on earth could possess people to act in this manner.

I didn’t take any photos in either church, partly because I was told it wasn’t permitted (although there are plenty of people who seem to have managed to get some, so I’ll put some links up at the end of this entry) and partly because it just didn’t seem right.

Our second stop on today’s tour was the church at Nyamata, the scene of another massacre, this time of an estimated 10,000.  Ten thousand people.  Men, women, children, butchered by their countrymen with grenades, guns and machetes, or anything else that came to hand.  Its just unimaginable…

The pews in this church are piled high with the clothes of those who died, and nearby is a large crypt / burial chamber with the bones from the victims.

Along for the tour with me today was a student who was doing a work placement with my tour company.  She told me that she lost both her parents and, I think, some brothers and sisters during the massacre, so it must have been even more traumatic for her to go through this.

I think the tour company tries to arrange things to leave you with a positive impression of Rwanda, as my last stop today was what they referred to as a ‘reconciliation village‘.  The basic premise is that those who perpetrated the genocide and those who were the victims of it are encouraged to live side by side again, working together to build a new future for their country.

On our arrival we were greeted by a guy who I think runs the village, per se, and shared a rather nasty local brew with him.  Its definitely an acquired taste and one I think I’ll add to my list of things to try again.  Somewhere near the bottom I think.

The village youngsters then performed a variety of traditional dances which was quite cool really, even if it felt a bit touristy…

Youngsters joining in from the sidelines :)

Youngsters joining in from the sidelines 🙂

After this I was introduced to an elderly chap who was Hutu and who had taken part in the killings.  The idea is that he explains how things happened from his perspective and I’m free to ask any questions.  He told his story, how the government had convinced him and his fellow Hutus that the Tutsis deserved to be killed and that it was indeed their job to do so.  He had been in prison for his crimes but released as part of this reconciliation process.  Did I ask any questions?  No.  I had a million but I just couldn’t bring myself to ask them.  I was worried I might get angry with him more than anything…

I was then introduced to a woman in her 30s, I guess, who was on the Tutsi side of things and who had seen her family killed.  Again, I couldn’t think of any sensible questions to ask so it was time to sit down with them all for lunch – a few kebabs, some maize (I think) and bananas.  It was strange to be sat next to the Hutu guy who himself was sat in the house of the Tutsi woman.  Apparently they all look after each others children and do their best to get on with their lives.  They are better people than I am.

After another sobering day, I was taken to the airport and said goodbye to my guide for the day before checking in.

Or at least, trying to check in.  Apparently in my slightly frantic efforts to book everything, I booked a return flight for tomorrow, not today.  I tried to get rebooked onto tonights flight but they wanted to charge me hundreds of US $ for that, so I walked across the road to the nearest hotel ($50 per night) and checked in there.

My first room had no running water.  The second had some, but everything was leaking.  Ah well, beer o’clock then!

Some links as promised:

 

Rwanda day 2 – gorilla trekking

After a thoroughly depressing day yesterday, and nowhere near enough sleep, I was picked up from my hotel by my driver/guide at around 4:30am for our long drive north through Rwanda, to the Volcanoes National Park.  Today was the day that, with a bit of luck, I would come face to face with mountain gorillas.  And I was rather looking forward to it 🙂

But we had to get there first.  The roads were in excellent condition (something I found throughout Rwanda actually) and the scenery was pretty darned fantastic.  The locals (and the tourist office, I believe) refer to the country as the ‘Land of 1,000 Hills’ and driving north from Kigali, its easy to see why.

As always – please feel free to click on the images to view them ‘full’ size (properly!)

Dawn over the land of a thousand hills

Dawn over the land of a thousand hills

A few hours later, we arrived at the ‘headquarters’ for all trekking activities in the Volcanoes National Park, which to all intents and purposes means gorilla trekking.  Yes, there are monkeys.  Yes, there are scenic walks.  But lets be honest, virtually everyone is there to see the mountain gorillas.

Each ‘group’ of family of gorillas can be visited at most once per day, by a group of tourists no larger than 8.  There are 10 families/groups in the area so, well, you do the maths.  Oh, whilst you’re at it, here’s another figure for you.  Everyone pays US$750 for their permit which gives you 1 trip into the mountain area and allows you just 1 hour with the gorillas.  Thats on top of any tour operator fees (my tour company for example) and porter fees (a way of contributing further to the local economy) and tips for the trackers (who are up in the mountain looking for your gorillas) and your guide.  Its expensive…

Sidebar (as it were) : if you pay for the much cheaper trip to see the monkeys, and you encounter gorillas (which is quite possible) you’re apparently not allowed to take photos of them, which strikes me as a bit petty.

I wanted to visit one of the harder to reach groups which had babies, twins, whatever, so I was assigned to visit the ‘Susa-B’ / ‘Karisimbi’ group (descended from the gorillas that Dian “Gorillas in the Mist” Fossey originally studied), along with a nice bunch of Americans/Brits/Tanzanians (I got confused – sorry!).  Whilst all this organisation was going on, we got to drink tea/coffee and watch some locals strutting their (traditional) stuff…

Locals performing traditional dances

Locals performing traditional dances

Organisation and introductions completed, we jumped back into our respective vehicles and drove off.  Some trips start, I believe, from the centre, but as we were doing a longer trek to a group living higher up the mountain, we had to drive for about an hour to a small village which lived along/at the end of the worst “road” I have encountered to date.  Not something I would want to tackle in my van!

It was made somewhat more amusing (for a while) by the constant stream of local kids who came running down from their houses calling ‘mzungu! mzungu!‘ which I hope by now you know means ‘white person’.  Sort of…  They started calling something else which apparently translates to ‘bottle’ – they wanted our bottles of water, even if they were empty.  Our guides told us not to give them anything.

Local village from where we started our trek into the mountains

Local village from where we started our trek into the mountains

Having ‘recruited’ a porter each to carry our day bags, we set off up from the village, through terraced hillsides full of crops and Pyrethrum daisies, from which pyrethrin, an insecticide, is extracted.  Its a major cash crop in the region.

Having waved and said ‘good morning’ to just about every child working in the fields (they are very enthusiastic and keen to practise their very limited English) we reached the boundary of the National Park/Forest and were introduced to our armed guards and given a safety briefing.

During the briefing, our guide told us how to behave around the gorillas, and how to interpret their sounds and behaviour (which he seemed keen to demonstrate!).  In particular, he was keen to impress upon us that if a gorilla starts to behave aggressively, we should crouch down and make a point of looking away from them, ie: act submissively.

From there we headed up the hill and straight into dense bamboo forests.  Gorillas like to eat the bamboo shoots – they get a bit ‘intoxicated’ in the process and are prone to being more aggressive.  Fortunately the bamboo shoots (the bits they favour) aren’t out yet, so the gorillas are living amongst the (higher) rainforest region and were hopefully more passive!

Thick bamboo forest which eventually, suddenly, turns into  rainforest

Thick bamboo forest which eventually, suddenly, turns into rainforest

After an hour or so we emerged from the bamboo and found ourselves in more open forest, which was actually much harder to make progress through as it was overgrown with brambles and nettles.  I think its safe to say we were all glad to have heeded the general advice to wear long trousers and shirts!  Even so we all got stung a fair few times…

Our guide was in regular contact with a pair of trackers who I think spend most of their time up in the mountains with the gorillas, or had started off many hours before us.  They had apparently found ‘our’ group and were guiding us in, and it wasn’t long until we found the trackers and dumped our bags, food, water – everything really, apart from our cameras.

Moments later we were rewarded with with our first view of the gorillas, and in particular, the ‘lead’ or ‘alpha’ silverback.  Very cool! 🙂

Alpha silverback in this group

Alpha silverback in this group

A rustling in the undergrowth closer to us turned out to be one of the juveniles – I think one of the twins who were supposed to be 6 months old.  I may be totally wrong about that though!  Either way, it was pretty cute, as gorillas go 😉

I think we were told this one was just 6 months old - but not sure

I think we were told this one was just 6 months old – but not sure

We moved a little further into the area in which the gorillas were lounging around, to get a better view of one of the females who was holding onto her baby – in this case, it was (we were told) just a week or so old.  For some reason I appear not to have any photos of this – I took some, but they didn’t come out as I had my camera on entirely the wrong setting.  Typical!  So you’ll just have to take my word for the fact that it was cute, but maybe not as cute as the ones above (lets be honest, newly born babies are like that, right?)

Minutes later our guide pointed out two gorillas who had appeared on the crest of a hill, along the track we had used to get here.  They strolled down (if gorillas can stroll, that is) and our guides/trackers told us to get back, off the ‘track’, stay low and look away, as they were starting to exhibit signs of aggression.  We weren’t going to argue!

As they approached, they took exception to something (I think one of the females in their group more than our presence) and charged along the track, directly in front of us.  I would say within touching distance, but one of them kicked one of the guys in our group as they went past, so ‘kicking distance’ seems more appropriate!  My heart was racing by now and I wasn’t the only one who was worried about soiling their underwear!  These gorillas are big, wild animals, they were right next to us, and definitely not to be messed with!

2 more silverbacks (or blackbacks?) coming down to meet the rest of the group

2 more silverbacks (or blackbacks?) coming down to meet the rest of the group

Gives you an idea of how close they get!

Gives you an idea of how close they get!

Once these chaps had gone past and calmed down, we were able to relax and get a few more photos, in this case of a young gorilla cuddling up to (presumably) its mother…

Family portrait :)

Family portrait 🙂

Eventually the gorillas moved off into a dense section of the forest and our guides told us to slowly follow them.  Perhaps he should have cleared this with the gorillas first though as one of them took exception to it, turning around and staring us down, occasionally stepping back towards us as we quickly sat down and looked away 🙂

At one point he jumped up and grabbed a branch, pulling it down and almost (if I remember correctly) managing to hit one of the women in our group with it…

Needless to say, we stayed still after that!

This one was getting a bit ar*y , particularly when we started to track them

This one was getting a bit ar*y , particularly when we started to track them

Awwww :)

Awwww 🙂

After what seemed like just 15 minutes (but was most likely an hour or more) we had to leave, as per the terms of our permits, and start our trek down the mountain and to our vehicles.  We popped into a nearby pub/hotel for a well deserved beer, where our guide told us about this incident, that had happened yesterday.  Glad he didn’t tell us before we went up the mountain!

All in all, a stonking experience and one I would definitely recommend to anyone!

Rwanda day 1 – Kigali and the genocide memorials

After a couple of days resting in Nairobi, I flew out to Kigali, the capital of Rwanda.  I went primarily to trek up into the Volcanoes National Park to see the mountain gorillas, but also to spend a few days looking around Kigali and learn a bit more about the country, and in particular the events surrounding the 1994 genocide.

I was met at the airport by the chap who runs the tour company (Wildlife Tours Rwanda).  He had arranged my hotel for me (Bloom Back Hotel) which seemed fairly nice, affordable ($50 ish per night) and relatively close to the centre of town, not that I am likely to be wandering around that much as I am likely to be fairly busy…

David and I sketched out an itinerary for my time in Rwanda, starting with a day doing the ‘genocide memorials’, then a day up in the Volcanoes National Park looking for the gorillas, then another day of genocide-related memorials before flying back to Nairobi.

So, first up was a day visiting a bunch of sights/memorials relating to the ‘Rwandan genocide’, which came to a head in 1994.

I can’t possibly tell the whole story, not just because I can’t remember, but because much of it is still subject to debate (but carefully – a BBC documentary has recently caused a few ripples with the Rwandan government banning the BBC as a result and threatening legal action – genocide denial is a crime in Rwanda).

Wikipedia (amongst other sites, I’m sure) has a whole bunch of articles relating to the lead up to the genocide and the aftermath, including the following:

I would suggest you spend some time reading these articles, even if you think you know what happened during that time – I thought I did, but apparently didn’t.   I remember watching the events unfold on TV news back in the 90s, and am pretty sure that the news reporters  portrayed the conflict as a clash between 2 ethnic groups with a long history of violence between them.  This turns out not to be entirely true – it was in some respects an extension of the ongoing civil war, but was really a well orchestrated and rehearsed action aimed at killing all Tutsis in the country.

As with much of Africa, the Rwanda’s history is complicated and violent. The whole region has been in turmoil for a while – neighbouring Burundi had its own genocide in 1972, in their case Hutus being targeted by Tutsi (the museums don’t tell you about that, interestingly).  Civil war has raged in the region for many years, including Uganda (think ‘Idi Amin’) and the DRC/Congo/Zaire (whatever you choose to call it).  It was Rwanda however that grabbed international headlines for all the wrong reasons – perhaps because of the increasing coverage of international affairs on mass media.

I won’t try and explain the history or events leading up to the massacre – what I was told whilst there by the locals differs from what I’ve seen on Wikipedia (which isn’t always reliable!) so I can’t say for sure which is true.

The locals and museums say its largely the fault of the Belgians, who ‘introduced’ social division by classifying people based on the number of cows they owned (and later by measuring nose length/width).  The blame then passes onto the Hutus for persecuting the Tutsi minority after overthrowing them in the 1950/60s revolution.  Wikipedia will tell you those social divisions already existed and I’m inclined to agree – the Tutsi were clearly the ruling ‘class’ before the Europeans arrived but the colonial powers definitely have a lot to answer for – as they (we) do with much of Africa.

What is quite clear (and undisputed) is that the Hutu government meticulously planned the genocide of the Tutsi population, but also the assassination of some of their own government who were considered moderate or sympathetic to the Tutsi.

  • They drew up lists of people who needed to be killed, and where they lived.
  • They used the media available to them at the time (newspapers but mostly radio) to effectively brainwash the Hutu population into believing their Tutsi neighbours were subhuman (cockroaches) and that it was their ‘job’ or civil duty to kill them.
  • They published the ‘Hutu 10 Commandments‘ to further convince Hutus that Tutsis weren’t to be trusted and were less ‘worthy’ than themselves.
  • They, with French assistance (although no doubt the French will continue to claim that they didn’t know what their weapons or soldiers were being used for, which frankly seems like horsesh*t to me) they trained and armed a bunch of militia including the interahamwe who were later responsible for many of the killings during the genocide.

In the lead up to the ‘main’ genocide in April/May 1994, successive Hutu governments executed a variety of different attacks on the Tutsi population, most of them probably never making the headlines.  In one case, they forcibly relocated a large number of Tutsis from their traditional homeland and dumped them with little or no supplies in a tsetse fly infested swamp area and left them to die.  Nearer to the main genocide in ’94 they attacked villages / communities, during which some of the Tutsis would seek refuge in the churches.  In these cases, they survived, but unfortunately that wasn’t to be the case in the main genocide.

The Hutu president in this lead up to the genocide was Juvénal Habyarimana, who had been in power since 1973.  He converted a military base next to the main airfield into his home/palace, and it was there that he died on April 6th 1994, when the plane he was travelling in was shot down – probably (it would seem) by his own military.  This palace was my first stop on my tour of the capital…

Presidential palace, Kigali

Presidential palace, Kigali

Of course, the Hutu government blamed the Tutsis for shooting down the president’s plane, and this was used as a trigger to begin the genocide.  Some of the remains of the plane are still visible today.  You’re not allowed to take photographs and the area is guarded at all times.

Within hours or the plane coming down, Tutsi people were being slaughtered in their houses by the interahamwe.

People were dragged out into the streets and hacked to death.

Women were raped in front of their families (often by people known to be infected with HIV).  Sometimes the women were killed afterwards, sometimes they were left to live with the almost certain infection and pregnancy.

Roadblocks were erected and everyone had to show their identity cards, which (thanks to the Belgians) showed their ‘ethnicity’.  Anyone who was Tutsi was killed on the spot.  I assume that if you couldn’t show your ID card you were killed too.  Piles of bodies grew by the sides of the road.

The killing wasn’t limited to the Tutsis though.  If a Hutu man was married to a Tutsi woman, he would often be forced to kill her himself and if he wouldn’t, he would be considered a sympathiser and be killed himself, probably after seeing her raped and hacked to death, along with any children they had.

Sadly, the people committing these atrocities weren’t limited to the military or the interahamwe militia; ordinary members of the public had bought into, or been brainwashed into the idea that the Tutsis needed to be killed and had been supplied with machetes and such and were taking part.

The Hutu prime minister at the time was murdered, along with her family, despite her being under guard by members of the UN force (UNAMIR) in the country at the time.  The UNAMIR members were told to give up their weapons and that they would be taken back to their barracks, and to give up the prime minister.  They did as they were told, leaving her and her family at the mercy of the genocidaires.  She and her husband were killed although her children managed to escape.  The UN troops (10 Belgians) were taken to an army base where they were attacked and killed, despite managing to defend themselves with sidearms for a while.

The building in which they took shelter is still standing and is now one of several memorials to the events during that time, and was my next destination…

Memorial to 10 Belgian (UN) soldiers who were killed in the early stage of the 94 genocide

Memorial to 10 Belgian (UN) soldiers who were killed in the early stage of the 94 genocide

The building in which the 10 Belgian UN soldiers took shelter

The building in which the 10 Belgian UN soldiers took shelter

Real bullet holes :(

Real bullet holes 😦

As a way to get a break from the genocide ‘theme’, I visited Kandt House (the Natural History Museum).  This was an ok way to spend about an hour, wandering around with a tour guide (obligatory, it seems) who didn’t seem to be able to add much to the displays (obligatory, it seems ;))

Overlooking Kigali

Overlooking Kigali

After looking at some rock samples and stuffed animals, I took in the views over the city, popped into the snake house for a quick look, then headed off to the main ‘attraction’ – the Kigali Genocide Memorial, which was by far the the most sobering part of the day.

If you are in Kigali and want to learn about the genocide and only have time to visit one place, this is probably your best bet.  Its a depressing insight into human nature though.

Amongst the rooms and their displays you learn about the lead all about the genocide, or at least, those bits they want to tell you about, from the perspective they want to give…

  • how the Belgians ‘created’ the social/class divide (or at least reinforced it)
  • how the Tutsi were overthrown by the Hutu in the 50s with the support of the Belgians
  • how the Hutu government planned the genocide over the years and executed their ‘practise runs’ in the years leading up to 1994
  • how some church ministers assisted the genocidaires by telling them to go ahead and bulldoze the church whilst it was full of refugees
  • how the UN stood by and watched whilst this all took place, arguing about using the word ‘genocide’ as that would have forced them to get involved (despite that being one of the reasons the UN was created in the first place)
  • how the UN soldiers withdrew from several places where thousands of people were seeking refuge (handing them over to the Hutus who then killed them all)
  • how the French were training and arming the Hutu genocidaires, and provided self passage out of the country to them once the Tutsi-led RPF came in to stop the slaughter (whilst allowing them to continue their slaughtering of a few Tutsis who were amongst the convoy)
Mass graves in the Kigali Genocide Memorial

Mass graves in the Kigali Genocide Memorial

Garden at the Kigali Genocide Memorial

Garden at the Kigali Genocide Memorial

The most harrowing part of the centre, for me at any rate, was the ‘childrens room’.  This is a room you pass through on your way out of the centre and highlights some of the many cases of children, babies at times, who were butchered during the 100 days of genocide.  Some had their heads smashed against walls. Others were hacked to death with machetes.  One case was that of a small baby who was stabbed through the eye.

Here are a could of video clips which are a bit hard on the eyes but give an idea of what happened…

How people can commit such acts is one thing – how a nation can unite after such acts is another.  And yet they have, on the face of it.  Only 20 or so years on from these horrific events, the people of Rwanda don’t see themselves as Tutsi or Hutu.  They just see themselves as Rwandan.  They are learning to forgive each other for the events of the past 50 years or so and are moving on as one people.

I have no idea how, frankly.